There are several mechanisms that are related to fluctuation phenomena. Since the aim of our research is oriented to study the sensitivity and influence of different kind of noises on sensor resolution, we modified an existing method to measure the small frequency fluctuation of QCM. The paper describes our measurement setup, in which a quartz crystal coated with active layers and a reference quartz crystal are driven by two oscillator circuits. Each one regulates a frequency of a crystal at the

ELISA, calorimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy are well-established techniques for the investigation of protein–protein interactions for years. biosensor-based approaches have gained increasing importance due to the advantages of easy handling and high-throughput capability. Biosensors consist of a biologically active component and a transducer integrated into a single system for reagent-free measurements. The most prominent biosensor systems for the study of protein–protein interactions are

Technology is being developed to create sensor which be able to 'smell' the presence of diseases.